I.A.R. INFANTRY AUTOMATIC RIFLE

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Understand the differences in many popular calibers.

 Left to right:  .22 LR, .25 ACP, .32 ACP, .380 Auto, 9mm, .357 SIG, .38 SPL, .357 Mag, .40 S&W, .45 ACP, and .223.

Kinetic energy is a measurement of the potential energy transferred into a target.  Many things can effect the kinetic energy such as distance to a target.  As the distance increases, the velocity at impact is lowered so the transferred energy is reduced.  If a bullet passes completely through the target as is often the case with FMJ ammo, not all of the energy is transferred as the bullet continues its flight.  Still, a comparison of typical kinetic energies is a good judge of the stopping power of a particular caliber.  As you can see by the inclusion of the .223, virtually all rifle rounds have more energy than even the most powerful handguns. 

Large Caliber Ammunition - Types of Projectiles

A projectile or shell is a missle fired from the muzzle of a gun; it is always the projectile, whether issuing from the muzzle of a Breech-Loading Rifle, using separate ammunition, or from the muzzle of a Rapid-Fire Gun, using fixed, cartridge-case ammunition. Projectiles for guns of and above seven inches in caliber are called major-caliber projectiles. For guns of six-inch caliber and smaller they are called minor-caliber projectiles. The principal function of the projectile is to carry its charge intact to the enemy's most vulnerable point, and its relative efficiency will be in a measure proportional to its carrying capacity. The first projectiles used were stones thrown from slings (afterwards lead bullets were projected in the same way), arrows from the long bow, and darts andjavelins thrown by hand. In the sieges of walled towns, in very early days, ballista, and catapults were used as a species of heavy ordnance, the former to hurl large stones, and the latter, wooden beams shod with iron and often covered with inflammable material. The projectile, as it is understood in modern times, came in with the use of gunpowder in warfare, and developed with the improvements in weapons using it. While lead answered all the purposes in small-arms, it was found too soft for battering with larger guns, and stone shot being not only too light for good flight, but also deficient in tenacity, early gave way to iron.

Projectiles can be broadly classified according to three main types: spin-stabilized, fin-stabilized, and rocket assisted (both fin- and spin-stabilized). Formal military classification is based on the intended use of the projectile and the composition of the explosive charge (i.e., antipersonnel, antitank, and incendiary). Some very significant progress in projectile design has been made in the past few years. The form of all projectiles is approximately the same, namely, that of a hollow steel cylindrical case with pointed head, having a soft metal band near the base which takes the rifling of the gun and gives the projectile the twisting motion which keeps it steady during flight.

Ammunition Types and Characteristics

Ammunition Types and Characteristics.

1. Cartridge, 5.56-mm, Ball, M193. The M193 cartridge is a center-fire cartridge with a 55-grain, gilded metal-jacketed, lead alloy core bullet. The M193 round is the standard cartridge for field use with the M16A1 rifle and has no identifying marks.
2. Cartridge, 5.56-mm, Tracer, M196. (Used in the M16A1 rifle) The M196 cartridge has a red or orange painted tip. Its main uses are for observation of fire, incendiary effect, and signaling. Soldiers should avoid long-term use of 100 percent tracer rounds, which could cause deposits of incendiary material, or chemical compounds that could damage the barrel. Therefore, when tracer rounds are fired, they are mixed with ball ammunition in a ratio of no greater than one-to-one with a preferred ratio of three or four ball rounds to one tracer round.
3. Cartridge, 5.56-mm, Dummy, M199. (Used in all rifles.) The M199 dummy cartridge is used during dry firing and other training. This cartridge can be identified by the six grooves along the sides of the case beginning about 1/2 inch from its tip. It contains no propellant or primer. The primer well is open to prevent damage to the firing pin.
4. Cartridge, 5.56-mm, Blank, M200. (Used in all rifles.) The M200 blank cartridge has no projectile. The case mouth is closed with a seven-petal rosette crimp and shows a violet tip.
5. Cartridge, 5.56-mm, Ball, M855. (Used in the M16A2/3/4 and M4-series weapons.) The M855 cartridge has a 62-grain, gilded metal-jacketed, lead alloy core bullet with a steel penetrator. The primer and case are waterproof. This round is also linked and used in the M249. It has a green tip. This ammunition should not be used in the M16A1 except under emergency conditions, and only at targets less than 90 meters in distance. (The twist of the M16A1 rifling is not sufficient to stabilize the heavier projectile of the round).
6. Cartridge, 5.56-mm, Tracer, M856. (Used in the M16A2/3/4 and M4-series weapons.) The M856 tracer cartridge has characteristics similar to the M196 tracer with a slightly longer tracer burnout distance. This cartridge has a 63.7-grain bullet. The M856 does not have a steel penetrator. It has a red tip (orange when linked 4 to 1 for the M249). This ammunition should not be used in the M16A1 except under emergency conditions, and only at targets less than 90 meters in distance. (The twist of the M16A1 rifling is not sufficient to stabilize the projectile of the heavier ammunition).
7. Cartridge, 5.56-mm Short-Range Training Ammunition (SRTA), M862. (Used in all rifles.) The M862 SRTA is designed exclusively for training. It can be used in lieu of service ammunition on indoor ranges and by units that have a limited range fan that does not allow the firing of service ammunition. SRTA ammunition must be used with the M2 training bolt.
8. Although SRTA closely replicates the trajectory and characteristics of service ammunition out to 25 meters, it should not be used to set battle sight zero of weapons to fire service ammunition. The settings that are placed on the sights for SRTA could be different for service ammunition.
9. If adequate range facilities are not available for sustainment training, SRTA can be used for any firing exercise of 25 meters or less. This includes the 25-meter scaled silhouette, 25-meter alternate qualification course, and quick-fire training. SRTA can also be used for Urban Operations training.

different kinds of ammo and their uses - Topic

different kinds of ammo and their uses - Topic: "For the record, I have already used three different types of search engines to find the info that I’m looking for before posting my question here.

I’m looking for a chart that describes all the different kinds of ammo that is available to a civilian and a description of their typical uses.

I’m getting ready to purchase a rifle, a shot gun, and a hand gun for hunting and home defense. Considering the fact that any decent weapon I get is going to cost hundreds of dollars(at least) and might save my life one day I want to be darn sure that I’m getting exactly what I need.

Does anybody know if such a chart or web link exist? I already know that all I really need to do is go talk to a gun smith, tell him exactly what kind of uses that I intend to use a firearm for, and he can tell me what kind of ammo I should use, but I want to do my own research instead of depend on somebody else’s opinion since guns are so expensive."

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What type of ammo should I use to zero my rifle? - AR15.Com Archive

What type of ammo should I use to zero my rifle? - AR15.Com Archive: "The subject says it all. Here is some background...

Spikes Middy
16" barrel
1:7 twist
Troy rear BUIS
Zero at 50yds
My 1st AR-15

I bought my Spikes in April so since I have some time before I get it, I stocked up on ammo. I have a variety of ammo with the plan to test it all and see what I like best. Here is my list.

55gr: Bronze, XTac, Winchester 3131A1, WPA & BH Red Box
62gr: Federal AE & Silver Bear

I bought the BH with the intention of using that as my zeroing ammo, but I've been thinking I might get better accuracy with the AE b/c it is heavier. Since my bank account has allowed me 1 more purchase I was thinking about getting 60 rnds of Hornady 75gr Match, Hornady Superformance 75gr or Federal Gold Medal 69gr Match. If the BH or AE will do, great. I can get more 357 ammo.

One last thing, my idea of accuracy is hitting within 3" of center at 25 to 100 yards consistently. I'm not looking to put 24 shots through a dime. Let me know what you guys think and what you guys use. In advance thanks! "

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Big Game Gear Offers Insight In Giving The Stuart Ranch Experience This Valentine's Day

Big Game Gear Offers Insight In Giving The Stuart Ranch Experience This Valentine's Day: "Big Game Gear offers insight into the Stuart Ranch experience. Outdoor families are giving the gift of Stuart Ranch this Valentine's Day. Flowers and chocolates are in the past. This Valentine's Day, give a gift to the outdoor family that keeps on giving for years to come. Planning family hunting trips builds relationships and memories. Stuart Ranch is the perfect place to build family adventure and traditions.
Up on a hill in Caddo, Oklahoma, the original cabin sits where the Stuart Ranch began back in the 1800’s. Past down from generation to generation and added onto through marriage and acquisition over the years, the Stuart Ranch now makes up roughly 45,000 acres in Caddo and Waurika, Oklahoma with some of the area’s best low fence or no fence hunting opportunities. Clay Forst states, “We are primarily a cattle operation, however, the Outfitter Division offers great opportunities for Whitetail, Eastern and Rio Grand Turkey, Waterfowl and Hog Hunting.”"

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