I.A.R. INFANTRY AUTOMATIC RIFLE

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.223 Remington - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

.223 Remington - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia: "While the external case dimensions are very similar, the .223 Remington and 5.56x45mm differ in both maximum pressure and chamber shape. The maximum and mean pressures for some varieties of the 5.56 mm (different cartridge designations have different standards) exceed the SAAMI maxima for the .223 Remington, and the methods for measuring pressures differ between NATO and SAAMI.[2] The 5.56 mm chamber specification has also changed since its adoption, as the current military loading (NATO SS-109 or US M855) uses longer, heavier bullets than the original loading. This has resulted in a lengthening of the throat in the 5.56 mm chamber. Thus, while .223 Remington ammunition can be safely fired in a 5.56 mm chambered gun, firing 5.56 mm ammunition in a .223 Remington chamber may produce pressures in excess of even the 5.56 mm specifications due to the shorter throat.[3]"

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Understand the differences in many popular calibers.

 Left to right:  .22 LR, .25 ACP, .32 ACP, .380 Auto, 9mm, .357 SIG, .38 SPL, .357 Mag, .40 S&W, .45 ACP, and .223.

Kinetic energy is a measurement of the potential energy transferred into a target.  Many things can effect the kinetic energy such as distance to a target.  As the distance increases, the velocity at impact is lowered so the transferred energy is reduced.  If a bullet passes completely through the target as is often the case with FMJ ammo, not all of the energy is transferred as the bullet continues its flight.  Still, a comparison of typical kinetic energies is a good judge of the stopping power of a particular caliber.  As you can see by the inclusion of the .223, virtually all rifle rounds have more energy than even the most powerful handguns. 

Large Caliber Ammunition - Types of Projectiles

A projectile or shell is a missle fired from the muzzle of a gun; it is always the projectile, whether issuing from the muzzle of a Breech-Loading Rifle, using separate ammunition, or from the muzzle of a Rapid-Fire Gun, using fixed, cartridge-case ammunition. Projectiles for guns of and above seven inches in caliber are called major-caliber projectiles. For guns of six-inch caliber and smaller they are called minor-caliber projectiles. The principal function of the projectile is to carry its charge intact to the enemy's most vulnerable point, and its relative efficiency will be in a measure proportional to its carrying capacity. The first projectiles used were stones thrown from slings (afterwards lead bullets were projected in the same way), arrows from the long bow, and darts andjavelins thrown by hand. In the sieges of walled towns, in very early days, ballista, and catapults were used as a species of heavy ordnance, the former to hurl large stones, and the latter, wooden beams shod with iron and often covered with inflammable material. The projectile, as it is understood in modern times, came in with the use of gunpowder in warfare, and developed with the improvements in weapons using it. While lead answered all the purposes in small-arms, it was found too soft for battering with larger guns, and stone shot being not only too light for good flight, but also deficient in tenacity, early gave way to iron.

Projectiles can be broadly classified according to three main types: spin-stabilized, fin-stabilized, and rocket assisted (both fin- and spin-stabilized). Formal military classification is based on the intended use of the projectile and the composition of the explosive charge (i.e., antipersonnel, antitank, and incendiary). Some very significant progress in projectile design has been made in the past few years. The form of all projectiles is approximately the same, namely, that of a hollow steel cylindrical case with pointed head, having a soft metal band near the base which takes the rifling of the gun and gives the projectile the twisting motion which keeps it steady during flight.

Sig Sauer Adaptive Carbine Platform - Standard ACP-P

 "Sig Sauer Adaptive Carbine Platform - Standard ACP-P
The SIG SAUER® Standard Adaptive Carbine Platform (ACP) allows any handgun with an accessory rail to be quickly modified into a personal defense weapon or carbine style firearm - convert your Glock-19, Glock-17, FNH or any handgun with a front rail. Regardless of the brand, most pistols equipped with an accessory rail can be mounted to the ACP without the need for modification to the base gun.

ACP will accept most railed guns with barrels up to 5" in length.

This basic model allows for fast, easy conversion and works with most railed pistols, equipped with a QD sling mount.

Fabricated from solid aircraft-grade aluminum, the ACP sports M1913 rails at the 3, 6 and 9 o’clock
 positions with a full-length top rail at the 12 o’clock position. Compatible accessories such as lights, red
 dot sights and lasers can be mounted for additional functionality.

The ACP brings Personal Defense Weapon (PDW) features to almost any handgun."

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Ammunition Types and Characteristics

Ammunition Types and Characteristics.

1. Cartridge, 5.56-mm, Ball, M193. The M193 cartridge is a center-fire cartridge with a 55-grain, gilded metal-jacketed, lead alloy core bullet. The M193 round is the standard cartridge for field use with the M16A1 rifle and has no identifying marks.
2. Cartridge, 5.56-mm, Tracer, M196. (Used in the M16A1 rifle) The M196 cartridge has a red or orange painted tip. Its main uses are for observation of fire, incendiary effect, and signaling. Soldiers should avoid long-term use of 100 percent tracer rounds, which could cause deposits of incendiary material, or chemical compounds that could damage the barrel. Therefore, when tracer rounds are fired, they are mixed with ball ammunition in a ratio of no greater than one-to-one with a preferred ratio of three or four ball rounds to one tracer round.
3. Cartridge, 5.56-mm, Dummy, M199. (Used in all rifles.) The M199 dummy cartridge is used during dry firing and other training. This cartridge can be identified by the six grooves along the sides of the case beginning about 1/2 inch from its tip. It contains no propellant or primer. The primer well is open to prevent damage to the firing pin.
4. Cartridge, 5.56-mm, Blank, M200. (Used in all rifles.) The M200 blank cartridge has no projectile. The case mouth is closed with a seven-petal rosette crimp and shows a violet tip.
5. Cartridge, 5.56-mm, Ball, M855. (Used in the M16A2/3/4 and M4-series weapons.) The M855 cartridge has a 62-grain, gilded metal-jacketed, lead alloy core bullet with a steel penetrator. The primer and case are waterproof. This round is also linked and used in the M249. It has a green tip. This ammunition should not be used in the M16A1 except under emergency conditions, and only at targets less than 90 meters in distance. (The twist of the M16A1 rifling is not sufficient to stabilize the heavier projectile of the round).
6. Cartridge, 5.56-mm, Tracer, M856. (Used in the M16A2/3/4 and M4-series weapons.) The M856 tracer cartridge has characteristics similar to the M196 tracer with a slightly longer tracer burnout distance. This cartridge has a 63.7-grain bullet. The M856 does not have a steel penetrator. It has a red tip (orange when linked 4 to 1 for the M249). This ammunition should not be used in the M16A1 except under emergency conditions, and only at targets less than 90 meters in distance. (The twist of the M16A1 rifling is not sufficient to stabilize the projectile of the heavier ammunition).
7. Cartridge, 5.56-mm Short-Range Training Ammunition (SRTA), M862. (Used in all rifles.) The M862 SRTA is designed exclusively for training. It can be used in lieu of service ammunition on indoor ranges and by units that have a limited range fan that does not allow the firing of service ammunition. SRTA ammunition must be used with the M2 training bolt.
8. Although SRTA closely replicates the trajectory and characteristics of service ammunition out to 25 meters, it should not be used to set battle sight zero of weapons to fire service ammunition. The settings that are placed on the sights for SRTA could be different for service ammunition.
9. If adequate range facilities are not available for sustainment training, SRTA can be used for any firing exercise of 25 meters or less. This includes the 25-meter scaled silhouette, 25-meter alternate qualification course, and quick-fire training. SRTA can also be used for Urban Operations training.

different kinds of ammo and their uses - Topic

different kinds of ammo and their uses - Topic: "For the record, I have already used three different types of search engines to find the info that I’m looking for before posting my question here.

I’m looking for a chart that describes all the different kinds of ammo that is available to a civilian and a description of their typical uses.

I’m getting ready to purchase a rifle, a shot gun, and a hand gun for hunting and home defense. Considering the fact that any decent weapon I get is going to cost hundreds of dollars(at least) and might save my life one day I want to be darn sure that I’m getting exactly what I need.

Does anybody know if such a chart or web link exist? I already know that all I really need to do is go talk to a gun smith, tell him exactly what kind of uses that I intend to use a firearm for, and he can tell me what kind of ammo I should use, but I want to do my own research instead of depend on somebody else’s opinion since guns are so expensive."

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